Millisecond timing signals, such as Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) seen in the X-ray light curves of accreting black holes and neutron stars are from the vicinity of black holes and neutron stars. The time scales of the High Frequency (HF) QPOs in black hole binaries or killohertz (kHz) QPOs in neutron star Low Mass X-ray Binaries (LMXBs), are comparable to the dynamical time scales in the vicinity of black holes and neutron stars, giving direct constraints on the size (e.g., the marginally stable circular orbit, ISCO) of the black holes or neutron stars. Other QPOs at lower frequencies, such as Low Frequency (LF) QPOs in black hole X-ray binaries and neutron star LMXBs, are suspected to correspond to the Lense-Thirring (LT) precession. Similarly, the millihertz QPOs seen in NS LMXBs probably correspond to some special modes of thermonuclear burning of accreted matter on neutron star surface. In comparison, rapid thermonuclear burning on these accreting neutron stars would turn out as type I x-ray bursts, of which the typical time scale is about 20 seconds. Not surprising, during these type I bursts, with X-ray observatories with timing capabilities, we can detect fast spin rates of neutron stars in LMXBs, the progenitor of the radio millisecond pulsars.
We make use of space observations with the RXTE, XMM-Newton, Swift and HXMT to study timing signals from accreting black holes and neutron stars. In the future, we look forward to future X-ray timing missions: eXTP and LOFT. These missions would make significant progress on scientific topics such as The Probe of Ultra-dense Matter with X-ray Timing.
Here below are the reviews about the field:
Millisecond Oscillations in X-ray Binaries (van der Klis, M. 2000, ARAA, 38, 717)
Rapid X-ray Variability (van der Klis, M. 2010 in "Compact Stellar X-ray Sources")
Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations (Watts, A. L. 2012, ARAA, 50, 609)
Representative Publications:
Short-term and Phase-resolved Power Spectral Analysis
Yu, Wenfei; van der Klis, Michiel; Jonker, Peter G. "Dependence of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillation Properties on the Normal-Branch Oscillation Phase in Scorpius X-1" 2001ApJ...559L..29Y
Yu, Wenfei; van der Klis, Michiel. "Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillation Frequency Anticorrelated with Millihertz Quasi-periodic Oscillation Flux in 4U 1608-52" 2002ApJ...567L..67Y
Radiation force effects and the Probe of Neutron Star Equation of State (ultra-dense matter)
Yu, Wenfei “KHz QPOs, Radiation Force Effects, and Physics of Compact Objects” 2008AIPC..968..215Y
Abramowicz, M. A.; Kluźniak, W.; Yu, W. “Radiative Corrections to the Neutron Star Mass Inferred from QPO Frequencies”
Pulsars, Pulse Profiles and Pulsations in Magnetar Giant Flares
Lamb, F.; Yu, W. "Spin Rates and Magnetic Fields of Millisecond Pulsars"2005ASPC..328..299L
Xing, Yi; Yu, Wenfei. "Phase Drifts of Sub-pulses During the 2004 Giant Flare of SGR 1806-20 and Settling of the Magnetic Fields" 2011ApJ...729....1X
Energy-resolved Power Spectral Analysis and Understanding of Black Hole Spectral States
Yu, Wenfei; Zhang, Wenda “Energy-dependent Power Spectral States and Origin of Aperiodic Variability in Black Hole Binaries” 2013ApJ...770..135Y
Stiele, H.; Yu, W. "Detection of distinct power spectra in soft and hard X-ray bands in the hard state of GRS 1915+105" 2014MNRAS.441.1177S
Stiele, H.; Yu, W. “Energy dependence of the band-limited noise in black hole X-ray binaries” 2015MNRAS.452.3666S
Timing and Spectra as the Probe of Ultra-dense Matter and Nuclear Physics on Neutron Stars
Yu, W.; Li, T. P.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, S. N. "The Kilohertz QPO Frequency and Flux Decrease in Aquila X-1 and the Effect of Soft X-Ray Spectral Components" 1999ApJ...512L..35Y
Stiele, H.; Yu, W.; Kong, A. K. H. “Millihertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in 4U 1636-536: Putting Possible Constraints on the Neutron Star Size” 2016ApJ...831...34S
[ version last updated: 2017.10.10 wenfei @shao.ac.cn ]